Anal Fistula / Perianal Abscess
What is Anal Fistula?
An anal fistula is an abnormal, small tunnel or passageway that develops between the inside of the anus or rectum and the skin around the anus. It often occurs as a result of an infection or abscess that hasn’t healed properly, leading to the formation of this connection.
How to diagnose Anal Fistula? When to consult a doctor?
A doctor will examine the area around the anus for any signs of infection, pus, or an external opening of the fistula. If the fistula is visible, the doctor may see the external opening (a small hole) near the anus.
You should consult a doctor if:
If you’ve had an anal abscess in the past that keeps coming back or doesn’t heal properly, this is a common sign of a fistula. Ongoing pain around the anus, especially during bowel movements or when sitting, could indicate an anal fistula. If the skin around the anus becomes red, inflamed, or itchy due to the drainage, this could suggest a fistula.
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Causes
- Anal abscesses
- Crohn’s disease
- Trauma
- Surgery
- Tuberculosis or other infections
- Cancer
Symptoms
- Recurring abscesses near the anus.
- Pain during bowel movements or sitting.
- Drainage of pus or blood from the opening near the anus.
- Swelling, redness, or tenderness around the anus.
- Irritation of the skin around the anus (from the discharge)
- In some cases, fever or general malaise may be present if infection is ongoing.
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, surgery is typically required to treat an anal fistula. There are various surgical methods, such as fistulotomy, seton placement, or more complex procedures for severe cases.
The primary risks include infection, recurrence of the fistula, and potential damage to the anal sphincter, which could lead to incontinence.
Recovery typically takes a few weeks, depending on the type of surgery and the complexity of the fistula. Pain, swelling, and some discharge are normal in the initial period.
Anal fistulas rarely heal on their own without medical or surgical intervention, as the abnormal connection needs to be repaired.
