Tracheostomy

consultation
What is Tracheostomy?

A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening (stoma) in the front of the neck directly into the trachea (windpipe). This procedure is performed to provide an airway and facilitate breathing when the normal airway is obstructed or compromised. A tracheostomy may be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying condition that necessitated the procedure.

When to consult a doctor for Tracheostomy Procedure?

Diagnosis for the need for a tracheostomy typically involves the following steps: Medical History and Symptoms, Physical Examination, Imaging Studies, Laryngoscopy or Bronchoscopy & Pulmonary Function Tests.

You should consult a doctor if:

  • Severe Respiratory Distress: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath that doesn’t improve with usual treatments may warrant evaluation for airway issues.
  • Prolonged Intubation: If a patient has been on a ventilator or intubated for an extended period (usually more than 7–14 days), a tracheostomy may be considered to maintain airway patency.
  • Airway Obstruction: Symptoms such as a foreign object lodged in the airway, tumors, or swelling that obstructs breathing should prompt immediate medical attention.
  • Neuromuscular Disorders: Conditions that affect muscle control (e.g., ALS, spinal cord injury) may require a tracheostomy for long-term respiratory support.
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Causes
  • Obstruction of the Airway
  • Respiratory Failure
  • Neuromuscular Disorders
  • Prolonged Ventilation Needs
  • Injuries to the Neck or Face
Symptoms
  • Severe Difficulty Breathing
  • Prolonged Need for Mechanical Ventilation
  • Frequent Respiratory Infections
  • Inability to Clear Secretions
  • Altered Consciousness
Frequently Asked Questions

Risks include bleeding, infection, damage to surrounding structures, accidental dislodgment of the tube, and long-term complications like tracheal stenosis or granuloma formation.

The healthcare team will evaluate the patient's ability to breathe independently. If suitable, the tracheostomy tube will be gradually removed, and the stoma may close naturally or require further procedures.

Many patients can speak using a speaking valve, which allows air to pass through the vocal cords. However, some may need time or additional therapy to regain their ability to speak.